はじめてのVagrant

やりたいこと

Vagrantを使うとゲストOSを容易に作れるというのを聞いたので、ちょっとやってみようと。

Vagrantインストール

https://www.vagrantup.com/にアクセスし、[Download 2.2.0]リンクを押下するとダウンロードページに飛びます。
各OSごとのインストーラへのリンクがあるので、macOSのを踏みます。
あとは適当に。

インストールしたVagrantのVersion

以下の通りです。

➜  ~ vagrant -v
Vagrant 2.2.0

VagrantCentOSVMを作ってみる

実行したスクリプトを以下に載せます。

# 作業用ディレクトリ作成
mkdir -p ~/vagrant/centos7
cd ~/vagrant/centos7
# 初期化実行
vagrant init

この時点で/vagrant/centos7/の中にVagrantfileが出来ます。
Vagrantfileは、VM作成に必要となる処理を記述していく設定ファイルのようなものですね。(なお、rubyで書かれています)

今回は以下のように設定しました。

# -*- mode: ruby -*-
# vi: set ft=ruby :

# All Vagrant configuration is done below. The "2" in Vagrant.configure
# configures the configuration version (we support older styles for
# backwards compatibility). Please don't change it unless you know what
# you're doing.
Vagrant.configure("2") do |config|
  # The most common configuration options are documented and commented below.
  # For a complete reference, please see the online documentation at
  # https://docs.vagrantup.com.

  # Every Vagrant development environment requires a box. You can search for
  # boxes at https://vagrantcloud.com/search.
  config.vm.box = "centos/7"

  # Disable automatic box update checking. If you disable this, then
  # boxes will only be checked for updates when the user runs
  # `vagrant box outdated`. This is not recommended.
  # config.vm.box_check_update = false

  # Create a forwarded port mapping which allows access to a specific port
  # within the machine from a port on the host machine. In the example below,
  # accessing "localhost:8080" will access port 80 on the guest machine.
  # NOTE: This will enable public access to the opened port
  # config.vm.network "forwarded_port", guest: 80, host: 8080

  # Create a forwarded port mapping which allows access to a specific port
  # within the machine from a port on the host machine and only allow access
  # via 127.0.0.1 to disable public access
  # config.vm.network "forwarded_port", guest: 80, host: 8080, host_ip: "127.0.0.1"

  # Create a private network, which allows host-only access to the machine
  # using a specific IP.
  config.vm.network "private_network", ip: "192.168.33.10"

  # Create a public network, which generally matched to bridged network.
  # Bridged networks make the machine appear as another physical device on
  # your network.
  # config.vm.network "public_network"

  # Share an additional folder to the guest VM. The first argument is
  # the path on the host to the actual folder. The second argument is
  # the path on the guest to mount the folder. And the optional third
  # argument is a set of non-required options.
  # config.vm.synced_folder "../data", "/vagrant_data"

  # Provider-specific configuration so you can fine-tune various
  # backing providers for Vagrant. These expose provider-specific options.
  # Example for VirtualBox:
  #
  # config.vm.provider "virtualbox" do |vb|
  #   # Display the VirtualBox GUI when booting the machine
  #   vb.gui = true
  #
  #   # Customize the amount of memory on the VM:
  #   vb.memory = "1024"
  # end
  #
  # View the documentation for the provider you are using for more
  # information on available options.

  # Enable provisioning with a shell script. Additional provisioners such as
  # Puppet, Chef, Ansible, Salt, and Docker are also available. Please see the
  # documentation for more information about their specific syntax and use.
  # config.vm.provision "shell", inline: <<-SHELL
  #   apt-get update
  #   apt-get install -y apache2
  # SHELL
end

デフォルトの設定と違うところを以下に抜粋して載せます。

  config.vm.box = "centos/7"
  config.vm.network "private_network", ip: "192.168.33.10"
  • box(VagrantにおけるISOファイルみたいなもの)としてCentOS7を指定
  • ssh接続のためにIPアドレスを指定

設定もしたことだし、VagrantVMを作成してみます。

# Vagrantfileに従ってゲストOSを作成、設定するコマンド
vagrant up

初回なので、BoxのDLに少々時間がかかりました。
実行ログを以下に載せておきます。

Bringing machine 'default' up with 'virtualbox' provider...
==> default: Box 'centos/7' could not be found. Attempting to find and install...
    default: Box Provider: virtualbox
    default: Box Version: >= 0
==> default: Loading metadata for box 'centos/7'
    default: URL: https://vagrantcloud.com/centos/7
==> default: Adding box 'centos/7' (v1809.01) for provider: virtualbox
    default: Downloading: https://vagrantcloud.com/centos/boxes/7/versions/1809.01/providers/virtualbox.box
    default: Download redirected to host: cloud.centos.org
==> default: Successfully added box 'centos/7' (v1809.01) for 'virtualbox'!
==> default: Importing base box 'centos/7'...
==> default: Matching MAC address for NAT networking...
==> default: Checking if box 'centos/7' is up to date...
==> default: Setting the name of the VM: centos7_default_1541766043966_84174
==> default: Clearing any previously set network interfaces...
==> default: Preparing network interfaces based on configuration...
    default: Adapter 1: nat
    default: Adapter 2: hostonly
==> default: Forwarding ports...
    default: 22 (guest) => 2222 (host) (adapter 1)
==> default: Booting VM...
==> default: Waiting for machine to boot. This may take a few minutes...
    default: SSH address: 127.0.0.1:2222
    default: SSH username: vagrant
    default: SSH auth method: private key
    default: 
    default: Vagrant insecure key detected. Vagrant will automatically replace
    default: this with a newly generated keypair for better security.
    default: 
    default: Inserting generated public key within guest...
    default: Removing insecure key from the guest if it's present...
    default: Key inserted! Disconnecting and reconnecting using new SSH key...
==> default: Machine booted and ready!
==> default: Checking for guest additions in VM...
    default: No guest additions were detected on the base box for this VM! Guest
    default: additions are required for forwarded ports, shared folders, host only
    default: networking, and more. If SSH fails on this machine, please install
    default: the guest additions and repackage the box to continue.
    default: 
    default: This is not an error message; everything may continue to work properly,
    default: in which case you may ignore this message.
==> default: Configuring and enabling network interfaces...
    default: SSH address: 127.0.0.1:2222
    default: SSH username: vagrant
    default: SSH auth method: private key
==> default: Rsyncing folder: /Users/xxx/vagrant/centos7/ => /vagrant

ゲストOSのVMが作成され、起動しています。
この状態でVirtualBoxを見ると、centos7_default_xxxxxというVMが追加されていることが分かります。

Vagrantssh接続

この状態でsshするとあっさり繋がります。

vagrant ssh

すんごい簡単ですね…。
VirtualBoxVM作ってISO読みこませてOSインストールして…という手順が不要になりました。

vagrant destroyで、作成したゲストマシンを削除することも出来るので、ビルド&スクラップがかなり楽に出来そうです。