はじめてのVagrant
やりたいこと
Vagrant
を使うとゲストOSを容易に作れるというのを聞いたので、ちょっとやってみようと。
Vagrantインストール
https://www.vagrantup.com/にアクセスし、[Download 2.2.0]リンクを押下するとダウンロードページに飛びます。
各OSごとのインストーラへのリンクがあるので、macOSのを踏みます。
あとは適当に。
インストールしたVagrantのVersion
以下の通りです。
➜ ~ vagrant -v Vagrant 2.2.0
VagrantでCentOSのVMを作ってみる
実行したスクリプトを以下に載せます。
# 作業用ディレクトリ作成 mkdir -p ~/vagrant/centos7 cd ~/vagrant/centos7 # 初期化実行 vagrant init
この時点で/vagrant/centos7/の中にVagrantfile
が出来ます。
Vagrantfile
は、VM作成に必要となる処理を記述していく設定ファイルのようなものですね。(なお、rubyで書かれています)
今回は以下のように設定しました。
# -*- mode: ruby -*- # vi: set ft=ruby : # All Vagrant configuration is done below. The "2" in Vagrant.configure # configures the configuration version (we support older styles for # backwards compatibility). Please don't change it unless you know what # you're doing. Vagrant.configure("2") do |config| # The most common configuration options are documented and commented below. # For a complete reference, please see the online documentation at # https://docs.vagrantup.com. # Every Vagrant development environment requires a box. You can search for # boxes at https://vagrantcloud.com/search. config.vm.box = "centos/7" # Disable automatic box update checking. If you disable this, then # boxes will only be checked for updates when the user runs # `vagrant box outdated`. This is not recommended. # config.vm.box_check_update = false # Create a forwarded port mapping which allows access to a specific port # within the machine from a port on the host machine. In the example below, # accessing "localhost:8080" will access port 80 on the guest machine. # NOTE: This will enable public access to the opened port # config.vm.network "forwarded_port", guest: 80, host: 8080 # Create a forwarded port mapping which allows access to a specific port # within the machine from a port on the host machine and only allow access # via 127.0.0.1 to disable public access # config.vm.network "forwarded_port", guest: 80, host: 8080, host_ip: "127.0.0.1" # Create a private network, which allows host-only access to the machine # using a specific IP. config.vm.network "private_network", ip: "192.168.33.10" # Create a public network, which generally matched to bridged network. # Bridged networks make the machine appear as another physical device on # your network. # config.vm.network "public_network" # Share an additional folder to the guest VM. The first argument is # the path on the host to the actual folder. The second argument is # the path on the guest to mount the folder. And the optional third # argument is a set of non-required options. # config.vm.synced_folder "../data", "/vagrant_data" # Provider-specific configuration so you can fine-tune various # backing providers for Vagrant. These expose provider-specific options. # Example for VirtualBox: # # config.vm.provider "virtualbox" do |vb| # # Display the VirtualBox GUI when booting the machine # vb.gui = true # # # Customize the amount of memory on the VM: # vb.memory = "1024" # end # # View the documentation for the provider you are using for more # information on available options. # Enable provisioning with a shell script. Additional provisioners such as # Puppet, Chef, Ansible, Salt, and Docker are also available. Please see the # documentation for more information about their specific syntax and use. # config.vm.provision "shell", inline: <<-SHELL # apt-get update # apt-get install -y apache2 # SHELL end
デフォルトの設定と違うところを以下に抜粋して載せます。
config.vm.box = "centos/7" config.vm.network "private_network", ip: "192.168.33.10"
# Vagrantfileに従ってゲストOSを作成、設定するコマンド vagrant up
初回なので、BoxのDLに少々時間がかかりました。
実行ログを以下に載せておきます。
Bringing machine 'default' up with 'virtualbox' provider... ==> default: Box 'centos/7' could not be found. Attempting to find and install... default: Box Provider: virtualbox default: Box Version: >= 0 ==> default: Loading metadata for box 'centos/7' default: URL: https://vagrantcloud.com/centos/7 ==> default: Adding box 'centos/7' (v1809.01) for provider: virtualbox default: Downloading: https://vagrantcloud.com/centos/boxes/7/versions/1809.01/providers/virtualbox.box default: Download redirected to host: cloud.centos.org ==> default: Successfully added box 'centos/7' (v1809.01) for 'virtualbox'! ==> default: Importing base box 'centos/7'... ==> default: Matching MAC address for NAT networking... ==> default: Checking if box 'centos/7' is up to date... ==> default: Setting the name of the VM: centos7_default_1541766043966_84174 ==> default: Clearing any previously set network interfaces... ==> default: Preparing network interfaces based on configuration... default: Adapter 1: nat default: Adapter 2: hostonly ==> default: Forwarding ports... default: 22 (guest) => 2222 (host) (adapter 1) ==> default: Booting VM... ==> default: Waiting for machine to boot. This may take a few minutes... default: SSH address: 127.0.0.1:2222 default: SSH username: vagrant default: SSH auth method: private key default: default: Vagrant insecure key detected. Vagrant will automatically replace default: this with a newly generated keypair for better security. default: default: Inserting generated public key within guest... default: Removing insecure key from the guest if it's present... default: Key inserted! Disconnecting and reconnecting using new SSH key... ==> default: Machine booted and ready! ==> default: Checking for guest additions in VM... default: No guest additions were detected on the base box for this VM! Guest default: additions are required for forwarded ports, shared folders, host only default: networking, and more. If SSH fails on this machine, please install default: the guest additions and repackage the box to continue. default: default: This is not an error message; everything may continue to work properly, default: in which case you may ignore this message. ==> default: Configuring and enabling network interfaces... default: SSH address: 127.0.0.1:2222 default: SSH username: vagrant default: SSH auth method: private key ==> default: Rsyncing folder: /Users/xxx/vagrant/centos7/ => /vagrant
ゲストOSのVMが作成され、起動しています。
この状態でVirtualBox
を見ると、centos7_default_xxxxx
というVMが追加されていることが分かります。
Vagrantでssh接続
この状態でsshするとあっさり繋がります。
vagrant ssh
すんごい簡単ですね…。
VirtualBoxにVM作ってISO読みこませてOSインストールして…という手順が不要になりました。
vagrant destroy
で、作成したゲストマシンを削除することも出来るので、ビルド&スクラップがかなり楽に出来そうです。